Arthur Andersen Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Arthur Andersen - Essay Example Long-range planning is most often an extrapolation of the present. It answers the question of how to get the job done. For example, if you (as a city department head) plan to provide the same services with the same frequency to an expanded city, that is long-range planning (Bateman and Snell 2009). In Arthur Andersen, planning function of management is based on unique strategic goals and competitive pressure, the need to meet customers' needs and preferences. "Once managers have assessed the various goals and plans, they will select the one that is the most appropriate and feasible" (Bateman and Snell 2009, p. 135). The planning function of management is to incorporate mission, vision, objective and goals into a well-thought development plans. For Arthur Andersen, the three basic strategic options are to grow, to remain static, or to shrink. The intent here is not to go into a detailed discussion of their application, but simply to point out the importance of establishing a clear theme of organizational direction and intent. Describing the overall strategy in clear terms is the pragmatic link to organizational objectives. Objectives, in turn, are the specific steps used to execute the defined strategy. Organizational goals are derived from the major categories of problems and opportunities, while objectives are derived from the specific issues that are listed as problems and opportunities. Thus, there will be a much larger number of objectives than organizational goals. Each objective is categorized under the specific goal that it supports. Worthwhile objectives meet certain criteria and are achievable. These conditions may be more stringent than they sound. Many times, too much is taken on in strategic-planning conferences, resulting in unrealistic expectations (Bateman and Snell 2009). Legal issues, ethics and corporate social responsibility have a great impact on planning determining the main directions and framework of future performance. The legal norms and principles are the core of planning process. Similar to other accounting firms, Arthur Andersen pays a special attention to FASB and Codes of ethics. Ethical issues involve fair treatment f all customers and high morale, strict moral principles of the profession and in personal relationships. This description implies that the responsibility of individuals and firms is to identify and respond to market stimuli and to make profits for the shareholders. Any corporate action on social issues is considered to violate management's responsibility to shareholders (Gutman, 2002). As the most outspoken supporter of the fundamentalist position, According to an accepted manifesto of the managerial view, the modern professional manager also regards himself, not as an owner disposing of personal property he sees fit, but a s a trustee balancing the interests of many diverse participants and constituents in the enterprise, whose interests sometimes conflict with those of others. What all this implies is that Arthur Andersen's managers have enough discretionary control of corporate resources to consider adding social responsibi

Integrated Marketing Communications (Marketing Communications Essay

Integrated Marketing Communications (Marketing Communications Management, Copley) - Essay Example This is more like an effective communication with the target market. Sales promotion is a marketing communication tool specifically designed to provide consumers with some incentive inducing immediate response, possibly in the form of purchase. Sales promotion tools and techniques may include coupons, sampling, refunds and rebate, bonus packs, price off deals. For example Kellogg's may come up with a new brand of cereals. To encourage product trial, Kellogg may place a coupon in Kellogg's Corn Flakes. The crossruff coupon may encourage those who purchase and use Kellogg's Corn Flakes to try the new Kellogg brand. When we talk of sampling, Proctor and Gamble has always used sampling to get homemakers to try a new brand of detergent. They mail a sample to adult females in households across US. Sampling is very common with food items. A decade ago the advertising to sales promotion ratio was around 60:40, but today in many consumer packaged companies sales promotion accounts for 65 to 75 percent of the combined budget. Haagen Dazs ran a cents off sales promotion called Sweet Charity where the price savings would be contributed to support public television. This offer enhanced the Haagen Dazs image by making it "a patron of the art". Public relation is an important tool to maintain a positive image of the firm in the minds of the customers to enhance repeat patronage. The most common use of public relations tools to achieve goals of the habit formation strategy is publicity. Microsoft's campaign launching Windows 95 was an MPR success story. No paid ads for Windows 95 had appeared by August 24, 1995, the launch day. Yet everyone knew about it. The Wall Street Journal estimated about that 3000 headlines, 6852 stories, and over 300 million words were dedicated to Windows 95 from July 1st to August 24th. Microsoft team around the world executed attention-grabbing publicity. Another example of Wine Growers of California who had hired public relations firm of Daniel J. Edelman, Inc, to develop a publicity campaign to convince Americans that wine drinking is a pleasurable part of good living and to improve the image and market share of California wines. Direct Marketing Direct Marketing will be addressed as a marketing communication tool used in the form of direct forms of distribution. Direct mail, catalogs, telemarketing, direct response advertising, new electronic media and direct selling are one of the few examples. Citicorp, AT&T, IBM, Ford and American Airlines have used integrated direct marketing to build profitable relations with customers over the years. Retailers such as Saks Fifth Avenue, Bloomingdales and Fredrick's of Hollywood regularly send out catalogs to supplement in store sales. Personal Selling Personal selling which is the face-to-face interaction with one ore more prospective purchasers for the purpose of making presentations, answering questions and procuring orders. Looking at this example we learn how John Deere used personal selling as means of selling its products. In 1993 when the dwindling demand for farm equipment and the aggressive actions of competitors pushed Deere's managers to create a strategy that involved its hourly assembly workers in finding and approaching prospects. Deere sent some of its experienced and knowledgeable workers to regional trade exhibits across North America to pitch the company's equipment to dealers and farmers. Once the new reps had wooed potential customers with

Difference Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Transcription

Difference Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Transcription SUMMARY Biosynthesis of proteins is under direct control of DNA in most cases or else under the control of genetic RNA where DNA is absent. Information for structure of a polypeptide is stored in a polynucleotide chain (Gupta, 2007). Sequences of bases in a particular segment of a polypeptide chain will determine the sequence of amino acids in a particular polypeptide (Gupta, 2007). The relationship popularly known as central dogma explains how protein synthesis is controlled by nucleic acids. There are two major steps involved in protein synthesis (1) transcription and (2) Translation. Transcription involves transfer of genetic information from DNA to mRNA and Translation involves translation of language of nucleic acids in to that of proteins (Gupta, 2007). Transcription will be discussed in detail in the present topic. TEXT Transcription is the synthesis of RNA which carries the genetic information present in DNA (Fig. 1). The DNA is double stranded and can theoretically code for two separate RNA molecules (Jain, 2000). However, it has been found that only one of the two strands of the gene is transcribed (Jain, 2000). Only in a few exceptional cases both strands are transcribed. This is possible because the promoter is asymmetrical and unidirectional (Jain, 2000). The DNA strand which have a sequence homology with the RNA is known as the coding strand. The second strand which is complementary to RNA and serves as the template for RNA synthesis is known as the non-coding strand. It is therefore, a misnomenclature, as it is the non-coding strand which is in fact transcribed to form the primary transcript (Jain, 2000). Transcription in prokaryotes The principal enzyme involved in transcription is the DNA dependent RNA polymerase (commonly called as RNA pol). To understand the transcription, it is necessary to learn more about the RNA polymerase. The bacterial RNA polymerase consists of five polypeptide chains including two chains of ÃŽ ± (alpha) polypeptide and one chain each of ÃŽ ² (beta) and ÃŽ ²ÃƒÅ Ã‚ ¹ (beta dash) and ÏÆ' (sigma) polypeptides (Fig.). The RNA polymerase molecule thus can be represented as ÃŽ ±2ÃŽ ²ÃŽ ²ÃƒÅ Ã‚ ¹ÃÆ', in which the attachment of sigma (ÏÆ') factor is not very firm, so that the core enzyme (ÃŽ ±2ÃŽ ²ÃŽ ²ÃƒÅ Ã‚ ¹) can be easily isolated. The size and function of the prokaryotic RNA polymerase is given in table 1. The active sites of core enzyme are shown in fig. (). Once RNA synthesis is initiated, ÏÆ' dissociates after RNA is 8-9 bases long and then the core enzyme brings about elongation of mRNA. The dissociated sigma factor may again combine with core enzyme to form RNA polymerase holoenzyme (Fig,..). Events in transcription The entire process of transcription can be divided in to following steps: (1) Template recognition (2) Initiation (3) Elongation and (4) Termination Template recognition The promoter directs the RNA polymerase to recognize the correct region of the gene and to bind at this site. The -35 region serves this function and is recognized by the enzyme. The size of the RNA polymerase is such that about 60 nucleotides in the gene are involved in binding of the enzyme to the template. Sigma factor plays an important role in specific binding of the enzyme with the template (Jain, 2000). The core enzyme without the sigma factor can bind to DNA but the binding is not promoter specific. The sigma factor is thus necessary for the formation of promoter-enzyme complex. The binding of RNA polymerase to a site other than the promoter is generally referred as loose binding. In presence of sigma factor, the affinity for loose binding is reduced while the affinity for specific binding is increased (Jain, 2000). Thus the chances of only the specific binding taking place are enhanced many fold in presence of sigma factor (Jain, 2000). Initiation and elongation of RNA synthesis in prokaryotes RNA synthesis by RNA polymerase proceeds in four steps: (i) the holoenzyme first binds at the promoter site, forming the closed promoter complex in which DNA remains double helicle, (ii) the closed complex isomerizes and causes unwinding and separation of DNA strands to form open (binary) promoter complex, (iii) after unwinding only one of the two strands is copied; this is achieved by incorporation of nucleotides, initially without movement of enzyme leading to the formation of RNA chain, up to 9 bases in length. During the incorporation of these 9 bases, at every step, there is a possibility for the release of this small RNA chain, a process described as abortive initiation (Gupta, 2007). A cycle of abortive initiation usually occurs generating a series of short (2-9 base) oligonucleotides, before initiation is usually successful. (iv) Once initiation succeeds, the sigma factor of RNA polymerase dissociates. (v) the dissociation of sigma factor marks the entry of NusA protein, whic h helps elongation, and promotes pausing and termination at specific sites. Core enzyme now undergoes a major conformational rearrangement and a stable ternary elongation complex is formed. This complex moves along DNA, synthesizing RNA all along its path at a rate of about 40 bases per second at 370C (Gupta, 2007). Elongation of RNA transcript continues till an unstable termination complex is formed (Gupta, 2007). Termination The termination of mRNA chain in prokaryotes is brought about by certain termination signals on DNA. These DNA sequences providing termination signals are called terminators (Gupta, 2007). Once the enzyme hits the terminator, it falls off the template and the transcription stops. The termination signals whenever found on DNA can be of two types: (i) Rho (Ï ) dependent termination and (ii) Rho (Ï ) independent termination. (i) Rho (Ï ) dependent termination: The termination factor (Ï ) participates in this type of termination (Jain, 2000). Rho (Ï ) is a 46 KD protein and its active form is a hexamer, having a total mass of 275 KD. It binds to growing RNA chain and moves along the RNA. Once rho catches the RNA polymerase, it results in chain termination. The question arises how?. It has been found that once RNA polymerase hits the terminator sequences, it pauses for a short time. During this period the rho factor reaches the RNA polymerase and causes it to fall off the template. Once RNA polymerase is detached, the RNA chain also comes off and the transcription terminates (Fig). (i) Rho (Ï ) independent termination: In some genes, there is a definite region of intrinsic sequences which causes the termination of RNA chain. This includes two G:C rich stretches at the end of RNA transcript which are complementary to each other. These form a 7-20 bp intra-molecular hairpin structure. Further this region is followed by a small stretch of U residues which form relatively weak interaction with dA residues of the gene (Fig..). such a structure is highly unstable thermodynamically and causes the displacement of newly synthesized RNA from the DNA template. Once the RNA is detached, the RNA polymerase falls off and the termination of transcription occurs. This type of termination provides an interesting example where the structure of RNA itself can cause its own termination from the DNA chain. Transcription in Eukaryotes The eukaryotes have more than one type of RNA polymerase. Based on the activity to ÃŽ ±-aminitin, an antibiotic which inhibits mRNA synthesis, three classes of RNA polymerases have been identified which are involved in the transcription of different class of eukaryotic genes. There properties are given in table 2. The eukaryotic RNA polymerases are large molecules of ˃500KD in size. It has two large subunits of -200KD and -140KD, respectively. The 200 KD subunit is similar to ÃŽ ²ÃƒÅ Ã‚ ¹ subunit of E. coli of RNA polymerase and have similar function (the template binding). Besides these two proteins it also has upto 10 different small subunits. A subunit of Pol II, which has similarity with one of the subunits present in Pol I and also in Pol III, is similar to the ÃŽ ±-subunit of E. coli enzyme and helps in the enzyme assembly. Besides the RNA polymerase, a number of other transcription factors are also needed for the transcription. Promoter sites for Initiation of transcription Promoters for RNA polymerase I could not be initially studied since all genes for rRNA were similar. Promoters for RNA polymerase III, on the other hand, had some unusual downstream promoters. However for RNA polymerase II, several hundred eukaryotic genes have now been sequenced and their promoters studied revealing some general features in three regions located at start point, centred at sited lying between -25 bp and -100 bp. The least effective of these three regions is the TATA or Hogness box (7 bp long) located 20bp upstream to the start point. The TATA box is surrounded by G-C rich sequences and is comparable to pribnow box of prokaryotes. Further upstream is another sequence called CAAT box, which being necessary for initiation, is conserved in some promoters (ÃŽ ² globin gene), but is not necessary in some other genes. This sequence lies between -70 and -80 bp. Another sequence called GC box (GGGC GG) is found in one or more copies at -60 or -100 bp upstream in any orientation in several genes. It has been shown that CAAT and GC boxes determine the efficiency of transcription, while TATA box aligns RNA polymerase at proper site, with the help of TFIID and other transcription factors (Gupta, 2007). Initiation In eukaryotes the initiation is more complex. It involves a number of specific transcription factors. The process has been followed for the Pol II action resulting in the synthesis of mRNA. The process is essentially similar for Pol I and Pol III. For initiation, it requires, a number of trans acting factors along with the RNA polymerase. The trans acting factors, which are the product of various regulatory genes, bind to either DNA or to each other or to RNA polymerase. They can also bind in various combinations. All the transcription factors involved with Pol II are called TF II. First the factor TF IID binds to TATA box (-15 to -21 region) covering about 25 nucleotides within the -17 to -42 region. Now factor TF IIA associates itself to the complex, further extending the protected region towards upstream, upto the -55 to -80 region. On the other hand TF IIB associates itself protecting the region at -10 to +10. It binds to two strands in a non-symmetrical manner. This complex prep ares the stage for binding of RNA polymerase II which covers up to +15 region on template strand and 5 extra nucleotides (up to +20) on the non-template strand. Finally TF IIE joins, extending the protection upto +30 region. Once the entire complex has been assembled, the incorporation of first nucleotide takes place. Transcription factors and elongation of RNA chains in eukaryotes Certain accessory proteins of transcription, called the elongation factors enhance the overall activity of RNA polymerase II, leading to increase in elongation rate. Atleast two such proteins (transcription factors) are known (i) the transcription factor TFIIF accelerates RNA chain growth relatively uniformly, in concert with RNA polymerase II or pol II, (ii) transcription factor TFIIS (also called SII) helps elongation of RNA chain, by relieving the obstructions in the path of such elongation. TFIIS is known to function by first causing hydrolytic cleavage at 3Ê ¹ end of RNA chain, which are stuck and can not elongate. Thus RNA polymerase moves backwards (hydrolytic cleavage) under the direction of TFIIS before it moves forwards through the block to elongation (fig.) (Gupta, 2007). Termination of RNA synthesis in eukaryotes In eukaryotes, the actual termination of RNA polymerase II activity during termination may take place through termination sites similar to those found in prokaryotes (the nature of individual termination sites is not known). But these termination sites are believed to be present away (sometimes up to one kilobase away) from the site of 3Ê ¹ end of mRNA. Obviously 3Ê ¹ end of mRNA will be generated due to post-transcriptional cleavage. This cleavage, at the end, is believed to be achieved by what is popularly called snurp (small nucleur RNA-protein complex). Snurp used for post-transcription cleavage has not been identified so far but is believed to be certainly different than the U1 snurp, which is believed to be involved in intron splicing in split genes. Moreover, a sequence 5Ê ¹ AAUAAA 3Ê ¹ has been found just on the 5Ê ¹ side of poly(A) addition site in several eukaryotic mRNAs. The poly(A) tail is added to 3Ê ¹ end of eukaryotic mRNA after processin g of precursor mRNA. The sequence 5Ê ¹ AAUAAA 3Ê ¹ in mRNA 3Ê ¹ end seems to be common in eukaryotic mRNA and mutation in this sequence cause elongation of mRNA. This will suggest that this sequence contains the signal for endonucleolytic post-transcriptional cleavage. This sequence therefore, is not involved in the termination of the synthesis of mRNA, but helps in generating 3Ê ¹ end later through endonuclease cleavage, in which snurp helps in an unknown manner. FAQs Q. What is transcription? Ans: synthesis of RNA which carries the genetic information present in DNA. Q. What is the composition of RNA polymerase in prokaryotes? Ans: RNA polymerase consists of five polypeptide chains including two chains of ÃŽ ± (alpha) polypeptide and one chain each of ÃŽ ² (beta) and ÃŽ ²ÃƒÅ Ã‚ ¹ (beta dash) and ÏÆ' (sigma) polypeptides. Q. What is the function of sigma factor of RNA polymerase in prokaryotes? Ans: The function of sigma factor in prokaryotes is Promoter recognition and initiation of transcription. Q. What are the steps in transcription? Ans: The entire process of transcription can be divided in to following steps: (1) Template recognition, (2) Initiation, (3) Elongation and (4) Termination. Q. What is a Promoter? Ans: Promoter is defined as a sequence of DNA having the signal which directs the proper binding of RNA polymerase to DNA and activates it to a form which is capable of initiating the transcription. Q. What is the role of NusA protein? Ans: NusA protein, helps in elongation, and promotes pausing and termination at specific sites in prokaryotic transcription. Q. How termination of transcription occurs in prokaryotes? Ans: The termination of mRNA chain in prokaryotes is brought about by certain termination signals on DNA. These DNA sequences providing termination signals are called terminators (Gupta, 2007). Once the enzyme hits the terminator, it falls off the template and the transcription stops. The termination signals whenever found on DNA can be of two types: (i) Rho (Ï ) dependent termination and (ii) Rho (Ï ) independent termination. Q. How many RNA polymerases are involved in eukaryotic transcription? Ans: three classes of RNA polymerases (Pol I, Pol II and Pol III) have been identified which are involved in the transcription of different class of eukaryotic genes. Q. What the functions of Pol I, Pol II and Pol III? Ans: The functions of Pol I is Ribosomal RNA synthesis, Pol II is mRNA synthesis and Pol III is tRNA synthesis, 5S and other small RNA synthesis. Q. What are transcription factors? Ans: transcription factors are proteins which are needed for initiation of transcription, but are not a part of RNA polymerase. Q. What is Hogness box? Ans: The second region of eukaryotic promoter which is similar to -10 region of prokaryotes. is called the TATA box or Hogness box. Q. What is the role of transcription factor TFIIF and TFIIS? Ans: the transcription factor TFIIF accelerates RNA chain growth relatively uniformly, in concert with RNA polymerase II or pol II while transcription factor TFIIS helps elongation of RNA chain, by relieving the obstructions in the path of such elongation. Q. How TFIIS helps in elongation of RNA? Ans: TFIIS is known to function by first causing hydrolytic cleavage at 3Ê ¹ end of RNA chain, which are stuck and can not elongate. Q. what is the role of small nucleur RNA-protein complex? Ans: Termination takes place at termination sites which are present away from the site of 3Ê ¹ end of mRNA. The 3Ê ¹ end of mRNA will be generated due to post-transcriptional cleavage. This cleavage, at the end, is believed to be achieved by snurp (small nucleur RNA-protein complex). Q. How does Rho (Ï ) helps in termination of transcription? Ans: When RNA polymerase hits the terminator sequences, it pauses for a short time. During this period the rho factor reaches the RNA polymerase and causes it to fall off the template. MCQs: 1. Transfer of genetic information from DNA to mRNA? a. translation b. transcription c. transformation d. All of the above 2. During transcription the DNA strand which have a sequence homology with the RNA is known as: a. coding strand b. non-coding strand c. Both a and b d. None of the above 3. During transcription the strand which is complementary to RNA and serves as the template for RNA synthesis is known as? a. coding strand b. non-coding strand c. Both a and b d. None of the above 4. The principal enzyme involved in transcription is: a. RNA polymerase b. DNA polymerase c. transcription factor d. a and b only 5. RNA polymerase is: a. RNA dependent b. DNA dependent c. protein dependent d. hormone dependent 6. The RNA polymerase molecule thus can be represented as: a. ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ²2ÃŽ ²ÃƒÅ Ã‚ ¹ÃÆ' b. ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ²ÃŽ ²ÃƒÅ Ã‚ ¹ÃÆ'2 c. ÃŽ ±2ÃŽ ²ÃŽ ²ÃƒÅ Ã‚ ¹ÃÆ' d. ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ²ÃŽ ²ÃƒÅ Ã‚ ¹2ÏÆ' 7. The function of ÃŽ ± subunit is: a. Template binding b. Nucleotide binding c. Both a and b d. Enzyme assembly 8. Sequence of DNA having the signal which directs the proper binding of RNA polymerase to DNA is known as: a. Hogness box b. promoter c. CAAT box d. None of the above 9. The sigma factor is necessary for the formation of: a. promoter-enzyme complex b. Enzyme assembly c. CAAT box d. All of the above 10. The dissociation of sigma factor marks the entry of NusA protein: a. TF IIB b. TF IIE c.TF IIS d. Nus A protein 11. Termination of transcription in prokaryotes is: a. Rho (Ï ) dependent b. Rho (Ï ) independent c. both a and b d. a only 12. Hairpin structure for termination of transcription is found in: a. Rho (Ï ) dependent b. Rho (Ï ) independent c. both a and b d. a only 13. which RNA polymerase is found in Eukaryotes: a. Pol I b. Pol II c. Pol III d. All of the above 14. TATA box of eukaryotes is comparable to which sequence of prokaryotes: a. pribnow box b. CAAT box c. Hogness box d. All of the above 15. Transcription factors helps in: a. initiation b. elongation c. termination d. a and b only 16. At what region of DNA does RNA polymerase first bind to a gene: a. Initiation site b. Transcribed region c. Promoter d. Intron 17. RNA polymerase adds new nucleotides to the growing RNAs at what end? a. 3Ê ¹ end b. 5Ê ¹ end c. both a and b d. none of the above Key: 1-b, 2-a, 3-b, 4-a, 5-b, 6-c, 7-d, 8-b, 9-a, 10-d, 11-c, 12-b, 13-d, 14-a, 15-d, 16-c, 17-a. ASSIGNMENTS/TUTORIALS Q. 1: Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription initiation. Q. 2: Explain the role of RNA polymerase in prokaryotes. Q. 3: Eukaryotes contain multiple RNA polymerases explain their role? Q. 4: Explain Rho dependent and Rho independent termination of transcription in prokaryotes. Q. 5: What are transcription factors? discuss the role.

2061 Odyssey Three :: essays research papers

What grabbed your attention first:Well, I think that the part that really griped me is when Dr.Rolf van der Berg had discovered that a Monolith (a huge black rectangle made of an unknown material) had just appeared on Europa (one of the moons of Jupiter).Summary:Dr.Heywood Floyd was sitting in the space station Pasture when he saw Haley's comet and decided to actually land on the surface (by convincing T'sung Corporation that it would be good advertising). So off go Dr.Floyd, Dr.Chant, Clifford Greenberg and the Universe's crew to haley's comet.Dr.Rolf van der Berg was called to his office at 5:00 in the morning to find that on Europa There was a new mountain three times the size of Everest had appeared and that a thousand kilometres away from the mountain a monolith about five hundred kilometres wide and a thousand two hundred kilometres long.When Universe landed The passengers were allowed on to the surface but only if they had some body with them so that if something went wrong t hey could help each other out. Floyd found some caves and decided to investigate it but came back empty handed. After The universe dropped the passengers back off at the moon base the universe was assigned to go pick up a ship that had crash landed on Europa. Universe went to pick up the people when it was hijacked by Universe's stewardess and was forced to land when Universe had landed The Hijacker killed her self by shooting herself in the head. after the ship had land the landing pads had sunk into the ground and the hijacker must have thought that they were stranded. After the event with the hijacker the crew decided to explore the mysterious mountain while picking up the survivors. When they got to the mountain they realised that it was infact a diamond three times the size as Everett. Dr.Chant took some "samples" and picked up the survivors. When they were flying back they noticed some thing on the ground it was a small village but no body was there. The universe landed and looked around and found no one then Floyd saw David Bowman, David said "The people here have fled to there waters and will be back once your poison has gone.

The Painted Door Theme Essay

James Sinclair Ross was a Canadian banker as well as an author. He was most well-known for his short stories set on the Canadian prairies. In Ross’ short story The Painted Door, Ann and her husband John live on a farm in Saskatchewan in the 1800s. While a snowstorm is approaching, John leaves for his father’s farm to help him look after the chores, leaving Ann by herself in the storm. The theme of The Painted Door is isolation leads to irrationality and misery. This can be seen in the characterization of Ann throughout the story, the isolated setting of their farm, and the symbolism of the storm.Throughout The Painted Door Ann struggles with an inner conflict as a result of her feelings of isolation. These emotions are not only present because of the isolated setting in which the story takes place, but also due to the loneliness caused by the distance between her and John in their marriage. John focuses on his work far too much for her liking and their communication ski lls have become less than satisfactory. As she looks out at the land she begins to feel lonely, and those emotions only increase as John leaves her alone to battle her conscience when he travels to his father’s farm.When Steven, John’s close friend, arrives to play cards and to keep her company, Ann begins to compare him to John to determine the better man. Ann thinks about Steven as she tends to the fire and makes observations such as, â€Å"His hair was dark and trim, his young lips curved soft and full. While John, she made the comparison swiftly, was thick-set, heavy-jowled, and stooped. (page 204)† Her comparisons of the two men in a back and forth fashion effectively display how conflicted Ann is as she is caught in a battle between her mind and her heart.Her descriptions of Steven make him appear to be more attractive and a gentleman, while John is the man she married, but has had trouble communicating with. As Ann compares the two men, she uses Stevenâ⠂¬â„¢s positive attributes and John’s flaws to convince herself that Steven is a better man. Her reasoning leads to her irrational choice to cheat on John with Steven, which can be seen as a reason for John’s death when he left the house during the storm with no intention of returning after catching the two of them.Ann’s isolation led to her making an irrational decision that ruined her marriage and will cause her to be even more lonely and miserable without John, the man she loves. The setting of The Painted Door is described in such a way that it enhances the feelings of isolation and misery in the story. Certain imagery is used to create vivid pictures in the reader’s mind to inspire emotions of loneliness. The setting is often described as very cold, or as barren and empty. â€Å"The sun was risen above the frost mists now, so keen and hard a glitter on the snow that instead of warmth its rays seemed shedding cold (page 190)†.In this section of the story, Ross uses words that symbolize happiness, such as â€Å"sun† and â€Å"warmth†, but certain words can be connected to isolation, such as â€Å"frost† and â€Å"cold. † By relating both the Earth and the sky to such chilled words, the imagery leaves the reader feeling as though they are trapped along with Ann in her isolation. Another example of isolation in the setting is, â€Å"She shivered, but did not turn. In the clear, bitter light the long white miles of prairie landscape seemed a region alien to life. Even the distant farmsteads she could see serves only to intensify a sense of isolation (190)†.This portrays the area that they live in as very empty since their nearest neighbours are miles across the snow, giving Ann no one to go to when she is alone. These feelings of isolation and misery are what are constantly weighing on Ann’s shoulders throughout the story and lead to her irrational thoughts and decisions later on, suc h as her choice to sleep with Steven. The snowstorm that occurs during The Painted Door gradually builds over the course of the story and can be seen as a symbol for Ann’s inner conflict.The storm in the story is also Ann’s enemy in a person vs.  nature conflict, separating her from her husband and isolating her from the rest of the world. The stormier it becomes, the more Ann becomes cut off from the outside world. The storm separates her from John for a long time and because of this, Ann considers things that she normally wouldn’t, such as having an affair with her husband’s best friend. These extreme conditions are the driving force behind Ann’s irrational thoughts. As the story progresses and she spends more time alone, Ann’s thoughts and worries begin to build up.The way the storm is described in the story, the reader can infer that the same turmoil is also present in Ann’s mind. By describing the storm as â€Å"eventual furyà ¢â‚¬ , â€Å"blustering and furious†, and â€Å"insane and dominant† these phrases can also be related to Ann’s ever changing thoughts about John. While the storm worsens, Ann becomes closer to committing her sin. As the storm reaches its peak, Ann gives in to her emotions and sleeps with Steven. â€Å"The storm wrenched at the walls as if to make them buckle in. So rigid and desperate were all her muscles set, withstanding, that the room around her seemed to swim and reel.So rigid and strained that for relief at last, despite herself, she raised her head and met his eyes again. (page 209)† In the meantime, unknown to her, John is battling the storm to keep his promise to return to her. As Ann wakes up afterwards, the storm slowly dies down, leaving a path of regret, guilt, and misery behind it. The stormy, isolated conditions of the setting and in her mind are the driving force behind her irrational decision to sleep with Steven and the misery that foll owed her choice. Isolation can be the reasoning behind irrationality and misery, and in The Painted Door, there are no exceptions.Ann’s inner conflict making her choose between her husband and Steven, the loneliness of the setting that seemed to trap her, and the storm that symbolized the thoughts and emotions inside of her were all forms of isolation that led Ann to irrational actions. Had she stopped to think about where her thoughts were going, perhaps Ann would not have let her isolation affect her rationality. Then John would still be alive and she would not feel the guilt, misery, and loneliness that followed her decision.

Ethics of Starbucks Corporation Essay

Starbucks Corporation is the international coffee and the largest coffeehouse in the world based in seattle, Washington. The company has expanded rapidly with over 16,858 stores in 50 countries, including 11,000 in the united states, over 1000 in Canada and over 700 in uk. Starbucks don’t sell only coffee but there are variety in the consumer products that they offer such as hot and cold sandwiches and Panini, pastries ,snacks and other hot and cold drinks. The company’s products are seasonal or specific to the locality of the store. Starbucks also has an entertainment division and hear music brand, the company also markets books, music and films. Starbucks brand ice-creams and coffee are also offered at grocery stores. The Mission statement of Starbucks is to † inspire and nurture the human spirit – one person, one cup and one neighborhood at a time†. Starbucks believe that conducting business ethically and striving to do the right thing are vital to the success of the company. However, Starbucks corporation have been a target of protests and vandalism in the previous years on issues related to sustainability. But Starbucks have always been socially responsible and made it a priority to the development of new ways of addressing diverse impacts of business in society. Like every corporation, Starbucks has its own Standard of Business Conduct which facilitates legal compliance and ethics training; investigates sensitive issues such as potential conflicts of interest; and provides additional channels for partners to voice concerns. Partners are encouraged to report all types of issues or concerns to the program through their choice of the offered communication channel. The key goal and the important aspect of Business ethics is Sustainability. Sustainability is emerged from the environmental perspective because of the effective management of physical resources that are conserved for the future. But the concept of sustainability is not only broadened to include environment but also economic and social consideration. Starbucks have made its priorities in addressing ethical issues related to the environment through formal and public relations. Starbucks is committed to a role of environmental leadership in all facets of our business. This is done by understanding the environmental issues, developing innovative and flexible solutions to bring about change, attempt to buy, sell and use environmental friendly products, instilling environmental responsibility as a corporate value, measuring and monitoring our progress for each project. However, The Three components of Sustainability actually represent in terms of goals for business ethics. a) the environmental perspectives for Starbucks Corporation In 1999, Starbucks started† grounds for coffee† where they would give away the grounds to anyone for composting. They also reduced the size of their paper napkins and garbage bags to reduce wastage and lightening their solid waste to 816.5 metric tons. In response to the excessive water consumption ,Starbucks have replaced pitcher and dipper wells with push button faucets for rinsing utensils. Starbucks are trying ways to make recycling services available for its plastic cups as the services are very limited. By 2015 it is will make these services available in every store across the country. Previously, there were issues that plastic cups were non-recyclable because of the plastic coating that prevents the cup from leaking also prevents it from being recycled so they changed the material from prolypropylene (PP) to polyethylene teraphthale (PETE) which can be recycled. Starbucks is now considering the use of biodegradable material instead of plastics to line the cups. Starbucks gives 10 cents discounts to its customers for using its own mug and it now uses corrugated cup sleeves made up of 60% post consumer recycled fiber. As a Corporate Citizen, Starbucks have taken the ethical responsibility by conserving energy and increasing efficiency to reduce contribution to climate change. Purchasing of renewable resources to avoid impact on the climate yt and investing in new lighting and improving the efficiency of HVAC (heating, ventilation and cooling systems) and other equipments. Starbucks also has build greener stores which include a mix of design elements such as using recycled floor tiles, improve light efficiency, installing low flow valves throughout the stores, using paints with lower amount of volatile organic chemicals. b) the economic perspective for starbucks corporation A broader concept of economic sustainability would include the company’s attitude towards and impacts upon economic framework. Starbucks Corporation responsibly grows coffee and launching its Fair Trade Coffee has undeniably made a significant contribution to their family farmers through rapidly growing FTC coffee volume. Starbucks has established support centers for the farmers in Rwanda and Costa Rica to provide them with necessary resources and expertise to help lower the cost of production, reduce fungus infections, improve coffee quality and increase the production of premium coffee. During the growing and harvest cycles, many farmers find it difficult to cover the expenses prompting them to sell their crops for less to the local buyers. To avoid such situation, starbucks provides funding to the organization that make loans to the coffee growers which will sell their crops at the best time to get the right price. It will also help the farmers to invest in the farms and make capital improvements. Starbucks coffee and cocoa buying is designed to long-term supply of high-quality, ethically sourced cocoa and coffee while contributing positively to the environment and to cocoa-farming communities. Starbucks argues that it pays above market prices for all of its coffee. According to the company, in 2004 it paid on average $1.42 per pound ($2.64 kg) for high-quality coffee beans. This is in comparison to commodity prices which were as low as $0.50–$0.60 in 2003–04. c) the social perspective for Starbucks corporation The key issue in social perspective on sustainability is that of social justice. Starbucks Corporation is involved in communities’ services bringing people together, inspiring change and making a difference in people’s lives. Engaging young people to identify and address the needs of their community. Young people also receive advocacy ,training, financial help and other resources for their efforts. This is done by providing monetary aid and establishing relationship with International Youth foundation and Youth Venture. Starbucks is also involved in combating HIV/Aids to coffee growing community in Africa. Starbucks began selling RED goods in November 2008, enabling the supply of AIDS medicine for 3800 people for a year. The Starbucks Foundation has served the society for many years providing access to clean waters to the developing countries from its brand water bottled ETHOS, fostering education in china, rebuilding the Gulf coast. Although these goals and targets are identified by the UN are essentially the responsibility of the government to achieve, some of them have direct significance for business. Finally we have identified sustainability as a crucial concept that helps to determine the goals and objectives of the business activities from ethical point of view.

Developing Students Creativity and Self-Expression through Crayons

Developing Students Creativity and Self-Expression through Crayons Crayons are brilliant, versatile, and economical coloring instruments that most school-age children are familiar with. Art sessions in grade school, for example, intends to nourish creativity and self-expression in children by introducing art tools and materials such as a paintbrush, scissors, paint, clay, crayons, colored papers, and others. Creative Possibilities with Crayons Crayons are used by middle-school students to draw colored shapes and in the process develop some creative skills they can use to express themselves. Students are humans with a natural desire to use their hands and materials as vehicles for artistic expression thus often welcome art creation opportunities. Activities such as â€Å"Crayon Melting† where students create a self-initiated art design using heated wax crayons and paper is a common classroom-based activity. Art classes expand student experiences through  collaboration, two-way communication, and appreciation of each student’s talent. It encourages the growth of visual awareness and skills to develop aesthetic understanding, coordination, concentration, and self-esteem. REMEMBERING OUR FIRST STAGE OF EDUCATION Similar to pencil, chalk, paint, and others, crayons provide opportunities for students to express and communicate their interpretation of the world around them. For instance, they can observe a plant, a tree, or a piece of fruit and draw an image according to their personal representation of that object.  Painting objects with crayons enable children to learn to mix colors, take responsibility for the art tool and image and develop their understanding of different media. Activities in art classes help children learn to use their imagination and express their ideas through art, sharpened their visual expression skills, create meaning by linking text and image and develop their presentation skills. Making Good Use of Quality Crayons Poor quality crayons often result in tears and frustration among young school children. This is because the resulting color of poor quality crayons is often not exact and cannot be combined to form new colors. Wax from a good quality crayons cannot be scratch off from the paper, they intermixed well with the pigment and produced with equally combined pigment and wax. Good quality crayon boxes with few colors are sufficient enough to produce colorful work of art as you can mix them to form new colors. For instance, putting a layer of yellow over a blue area will result to vivid green. Thick crayons are preferred over the thin ones as they do not break easily. Similarly, using only a few pieces of crayons encourage experimentation, creativity, and application of different crayon techniques. For example, crayon boxes with few color encourage mixing of colors to produce desired color, use of both pointed and broad crayon side, and greater use of students’ imagination. Crayons are not limited to drawing on paper as they can be used to draw images in many types of surfaces such as cardboards, paper gift boxes, food trays, sandpaper, and others with interest effect. †Crayon rubbing†, a technique to pick up the texture of a surface on paper by rubbing it with the side of a peeled crayon, is an enjoyable art class activity where students experiment and produce artworks from walls, leaves, bricks, and other surfaces. Another is â€Å"Crayon resist†, a technique that gives the feeling of a night picture by drawing a picture on paper with crayons, pressing hard and painting the surrounding area with dark-colored tempera paint diluted in water.

The French Verb Conjugations for Aboyer (to Bark)

The French Verb Conjugations for Aboyer (to Bark) The French verb  aboyer  means to bark. If you want to say the dog barked or the dog is barking in French, then you would need to conjugate the verb. This is a relatively easy conjugation, but you do need to watch out for the stem change. How to Conjugate the French Verb  Aboyer Aboyer  follows the verb conjugation pattern of other  stem-changing verbs. This means that the Y changes to an I when paired with certain subject pronouns. Other than that minor difference,  aboyer  uses the same endings as other -er verbs. Using the chart, you can find the verb conjugations for  aboyer  as they apply to the different subject pronouns (the  j, tu, nous,  etc.). Simply match that up to the present, future, or imperfect past tense and youre on the way to completing a sentence. For instance, to say I bark, you will say jaboie. Dont worry,  aboyer  can also be interpreted as to scream or to cry out if youre not actually barking like a dog. Subject Present Future Imperfect j aboie aboierai aboyais tu aboies aboieras aboyais il aboie aboiera aboyait nous aboyons aboierons aboyions vous aboyez aboierez aboyiez ils aboient aboieront aboyaient The Present Participle of  Aboyer The equivalent to the English ending -ing  in French is -ant.  This is called the  present participle  and for aboyer, that is  aboyant.  This can be used as an adjective, gerund, noun, or verb. The Passà © Composà © of  Aboyer You can use the imperfect past tense for  aboyer, though youll find the  passà © composà ©Ã‚  to be a bit easier. This can be used to express barked no matter the subject pronoun. You will need to use a helping verb and the past participle in order to conjugate in this way. For  aboyer, the  auxiliary verb  is  avoir, which does need to be conjugated to the correct subject and tense. For the  past participle, you will simply use  aboyà ©. Lets put that together. To say he barked, you would use the French il a aboyà ©. More Conjugations for  Aboyer We are not done conjugating  aboyer, though those are the most important forms for you to learn. As you speak and write more French, you may also find a need for the following verb forms. The passà © simple and imperfect subjunctive are used mostly in formal writing. Its likely that you may not need to use these. Yet, you should know the subjunctive and conditional forms of  aboyer  as they may be useful. The subjunctive is a verb mood that expresses uncertainty. The conditional is used when the verb is dependent on certain conditions. Both moods have a degree of maybe to their meaning. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive j aboie aboierais aboyai aboyasse tu aboies aboierais aboyas aboyasses il aboie aboierait aboya aboyt nous aboyions aboierions aboymes aboyassions vous aboyiez aboieriez aboytes aboyassiez ils aboient aboieraient aboyrent aboyassent The imperative verb form may be very useful with  aboyer. Its used for short, direct commands and requests. The thing to note with the imperative is that you can skip the subject pronoun. Instead of saying tu aboie, you can simply say aboie. Imperative (tu) aboie (nous) aboyons (vous) aboyez

Florida Bright Futures Requirements SAT, ACT, GPA, and More

Florida Bright Futures Requirements SAT, ACT, GPA, and More SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The Florida Bright Futures Scholarship programs are awesome education funding options for Florida state residents- if you can get through the application process, that is. The scholarships offered are particularly nitpicky and tedious about their eligibility requirements: the official handbook outlining these criteria is its own 14-page book chapter. Not to worry! I’ve outlined all the eligibility criteria for Florida Bright Futures Scholarships (general and specific, for each scholarship, with every single exception or special circumstance) in a way that’s a bit easier to get through. I’ve also included information about when to expect notification about your eligibility. Once you’re considered eligible, you’re one (big) step closer to winning a Bright Futures Scholarship. After you’ve processed all this information, I’ll get to the good stuff- how to increase your chances of winning your own Bright Futures award. What Are the Bright Futures Scholarships? Before we dive into eligibility for Bright Futures Scholarships, let's first briefly go over what the scholarships themselves offer. There are three different scholarship programs, all with different eligibility requirements and award amounts. Florida Academic Scholars (FAS) - This is the most competitive Bright Futures scholarship and the most generous one. It's geared towards â€Å"A students." FAS winners canreceive funding for the entire duration of their course of study. Florida Merit Scholars (FMS) - This scholarship is less competitive than the FAS, but it still has relatively high minimum test score and GPA requirements. It's geared towards "B students." FMS winners canreceive funding for the entire duration of their course of study. Gold Seal Vocational Scholars (GSV) - This scholarship helps students pursuepost-high school vocational and certificate degrees. It's the least competitive award and provides the least amount of funding. GSV winners can receive scholarship funding for up to 72 credit hours of a technical degree program or career certificate program or up to 60 credit hours of an applied technology degree program. General Bright Futures Requirements There are a few different Bright Futures awards, but these blanket requirements apply to all of them (unless otherwise mentioned later on in the post). In order to qualify for one of these awards, you must: Be a Florida state resident and US citizen or eligible noncitizen (noncitizen eligibility is determined by your college) Complete the Florida Financial Aid Application (FFAA) by 8/31 the year of your high school graduation Earn a standard Florida high school diploma or its equivalent from a Florida public high school or a registered Florida Department of Education private school Not have been convicted of (or pleaded no contest to) a felony charge Be accepted by and enroll in a degree or certificate program at an eligibleFlorida public or independent postsecondary institution Be enrolled for at least six (non-remedial) credit hours per term If you meet all of the above requirements, you're on the right track to getting your own Florida Bright Futures awards. Specific Scholarship Requirements The different Bright Futures scholarship awards have slightly different academic eligibility requirements. Use this info to determine which scholarship award might be the best match for you. Florida Academic Scholars (FAS) and Florida Medallion Scholars (FMS) Requirements There are certain minimum requirements for high school coursework, GPA, ACT/SAT scores, and service hours that must be met to qualify for either of these programs. You'll have to meet the requirements in all of these domains in order to be eligible for an award. If you've won another academic award, you may have an easier time qualifying for an FAS or FMS award- I'll talk about why and how after discussing allacademic requirements. Coursework We'll start off with the easiest of the eligibility criteria- I've laid out here all the high school classes you need to have taken in order to qualify for an award. The good news is that most high schools require students to take these classes anyways, so barring any special circumstances, you should meet these requirements. This chart outlines coursework requirements for both the FAS and FMS scholarships: High School Course Credits Required Comments English 4 Three must include substantial writing Mathematics 4 Must be at or above Algebra I level Natural Science 3 Two must have substantial lab work Social Science 3 World Language* 2 Must be sequential, and in the same language * A note about the World Language requirements: if you haven't taken the necessary courses, youcan meet this requirement by demonstrating proficiency on credit-by-exam equivalencies or other â€Å"university-approved† means. What this means is if you can test out of your language in college, you’ll probably also meet this language requirement even if you didn’t take two sequential language courses in high school. GPA, ACT/SAT, and Service Hours You'll need to demonstrate a degree of academic and community service excellence in order to qualify for either the FAS or FMS programs. You'll notice, though, that the FMS program is a bit less competitive in its minimum requirements. I've laid all of these eligibility criteria out in one chart so you can easily compare requirements for both programs: SCHOLARSHIP WEIGHTED GPA MINIMUM ACT MINIMUM SAT MINIMUM SERVICE HOURS FAS 3.50 29 1290 100 hours FMS 3.00 26 70 75 hours FMS- Homeschooled students without official transcripts 3.00 27 1220 75 hours A few important notes: You'll only need to submit scores from one standardized test- you don't need to meet score requirements for both the SAT and the ACT The SAT/ACT minimums do not include the writing section. All service hours must be completed by your high school graduation in order to count for the award. Future Changes to SAT Requirements The SAT requirements listed above are only valid for students graduating high school through 2020.Florida legislature recently passed a billthat will raise the SAT minimums for students graduating in 2021 and beyond. It's estimated that the SAT minimum forFAS will be raised from 1290 to 1330 andFMS from 70 to 1200. (The homeschooled FMS SAT requirement will likely be raised as well, but the exact amount hasn't been determined yet.) Here are some alternative options for those who like to venture off the beaten path. Other Ways to Qualify for the FAS or FMS Programs If you’ve received academic recognition through some other program, you may be eligible for the Florida Bright Futures Scholarship programs even if you don’t meet a few requirements. This chart outlines the eligibility requirements for scholars who have been recognized by any of the programs listed below. If a box is blank, that means thatyou would be exempt from that particular requirement. Program Florida Scholarship ACT/SAT Score Minimums Service Hours Minimums National Merit/National Achievement Finalists and Scholars FAS 100 hours NM/NA Finalists Scholars FMS 75 hours National Hispanic Scholars FAS 100 hours National Hispanic Scholars FMS 75 hours AICE Diploma FAS 100 hours AICE Diploma FMS 75 hours IB Diploma FAS AICE Curriculum FAS 29 or 1290 100 hours AICE Curriculum FMS 26 or 70 75 hours IB Curriculum FAS 29 or 1290 IB Curriculum FMS 26 or 70 If you have an IB diploma, you're in luck- that diploma is the only way to qualify for the FAS program without an ACT/SAT minimum or service hour minimum. Gold Seal Vocational Scholars (GSV) Requirements The GSV program is a bit less competitive in terms of its academic eligibility requirements than the FAS or FMS programs. Although this makes it a great fit for some students, keep in mind that the GSV award can only be used to fund a career education or certificate program- no four year college degrees. In order to qualify for the GSV program, you must meet all of the following criteria: Must graduate from high school with a standard diploma Must have a minimum unweighted 3.0 GPA in non-elective high school courses Must complete 30 service hours by high school graduation Must take at least three full credits in a single career and technical education program Must achieve a minimum 3.5 unweighted GPA in your career education classes There are also some minimum test score requirements for GSV applicants; if you’ve taken both the SAT and the ACT, you unfortunately can’t mix and match section subscores between the two tests to meet minimums; you can, however, superscore across multiple test dates for the same test (e.g., if you take the SAT twice). All minimums must be met for either the SAT or ACT (but ultimately, you only have to take either the SAT or the ACT!) This chart outlines GSV test score minimums: Exam Subsection Score Minimum ACT English 17 Reading 19 Math 19 SAT Critical Reading 440 Math 440 P.E.R.T Reading 106 Writing 103 Math 4 Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! Special Circumstances: What If You Don't Think You Qualify? Feeling left out of all the scholarship fun? You could still be eligible! As you can see, the eligibility requirements for the Florida Bright Futures awards are quite specific. Perhaps fortunately for you, there are just as many exceptions to these rules as there are actual rules. If you were homeschooled, have a GED, or live out of state, you still might qualify for the award even given the stringent criteria described above. Homeschooled Students If you were homeschooled and don't have a Florida state standard diploma, you still may qualify for a Bright Futures award if: You meet all of the general requirements described at the beginning of this post You were registered in the district where you live for grades -12 GED Students In order to qualify for a Bright Futures award as a GED student, you mustmeet the coursework requirements and GPA requirements outlined at the beginning of this post before taking the GED exam.The processof applying or qualifying for an award won't be much different than that of a student with a standard high school diploma. Just keep in mind thatyour eligibility for a scholarship will be determined in the academic year in which your GED is earned. Out-of-State Students Usually, only Florida residents can qualify for the Florida Bright Futures scholarships (not a huge surprise there).If you earned a high school diploma from a non-Florida school while living with a parent or guardian who was on military or public service assignment outside of Florida, you may still be eligible.Keep in mind, though, that this parent must be a Florida resident. When Do You Learn Whether You're Deemed Eligible for a Bright Futures Scholarship? These eligibility qualifications above are tedious, to say the least. There are a couple of different official steps in place to determining program eligibility- these are implemented in order to make sure you’re checking off all the right boxes. Early Evaluations One option that the Bright Futures scholarship program offers is an early eligibility evaluation. If you submit transcripts and test scores to the Florida Department of Education early in your 7th semester of high school (think late winter your senior year), you’ll receive an â€Å"eligibility or ineligibility determination.† These eligibility decisions should be posted starting in March. Although an ineligible determination is not ideal, it may save you a good chunk of time- you won’t have to submit a whole application for a scholarship program that you won’t be considered for. Final Evaluations Once your final transcripts are submitted after your graduate high school, you’ll get an eligibility determination posted to your online account. The scholarship program will begin posting these determinations in July. How Do You Optimize Your Eligibility Chances? Ready to get started? Now that you know all about the Florida Bright Futures eligibility rules, you can start working on maximizing your chances of winning a scholarship.Many of the important eligibility requirements are long-term considerations, in the sense that you’ll have to plan out and work for the requirements starting your freshman year of high school. Here, I'll go through all the award criteria, giving tips and strategies to meet minimum coursework, GPA, test score, and service hour minimums. Coursework Like I mentioned earlier, most high schools require students to take the courses necessary to qualify for the Bright Futures awards. If you’re worried you won’t meet the course requirements criteria, schedule a meeting with your guidance counselor ASAP to see if you can work in extra course credits before graduation. GPA GPA requirements are easier to meet when they’ve been maintained over several years. If you’re just missing the GPA cutoff requirements, you should consider: Whether your GPA is weighted or unweighted.A weighted GPA will be higher than an unweighted one if you’ve taken any advanced or honors classes. Seeing your teachers after class or after school for extra help in your weaker subject areas. Asking your teachers if there are any extra credit projects or assignments you can complete in order to bring up your grades. The GPA requirement is lower for the FMS than the FAS scholarship- if you don’t meet the criteria forthe FAS, you may meet them for the FMS. ACT/SAT Test scores might be a sticking point for many students.The ACT/SAT minimums for both the FMS and FAS scholarship are pretty high- for example, the ACT scores required are at the 93rd and 87th percentiles. Here's what you can do to increase your chances of meeting those minimum scores: Start preparing for and taking the tests early on in high school. There’s no maximum number of times you can take the test in order to qualify for the scholarship. If you’re worried about achieving these test scores, plan on starting your sophomore year if possible. Decide whether you’re better off taking the SAT or ACT. Focus on one test instead of trying to do well on both. Don't have a lot of time to bring up your scores? Check out our ACT and SAT fast prep guides. Service Hours It would not be fun to try to fit in 75-100 service hours in the few months before high school graduation (remember that your service hours all have to be completed before you get your diploma). If you start volunteering as a freshman, you’ll only have to volunteer for an hour every 2-3 weeks in order to meet these minimums; if you start as a senior, however, you’ll have to volunteer 1.5-2 hours every week. So how do you stay on track? Find something that you're passionate about. Are there any interests that you want to explore, especially any related to future career paths? You could gain service hours and professional experience at the same time. Ask friends or family members if there are any service activities that they would recommend. Maybe you could volunteer together! Volunteer at the same time, on the same day, every week. Having a set schedule will help you keep your commitment. Don’t be afraid to switch it up. You have 75-100 required community service hours, but they don’t all have to be at the same place. If you’re losing interest, or if something just isn’t a good fit, it’s okay to try something else. Don’t just switch it up for the sake of switching, though- appearing flaky could hurt potential professional development and even your college applications. Volunteer with an established, legitimate agency. You want an organization that’s reliable enough to provide good documentation of your service hours when asked. Keep your own records of service hours as a backup. What's Next? Need more information on Bright Futures scholarships?Our guide to Bright Futures Scholarship programs answers all the questions you're wondering about. Ready to get started on your Bright Futures application?Follow our step-by-step guide on Bright Futures applications for all the information you need to create a top-notch application. Interested in more community service ideas? Check out our guide to 129 great community service projects. You may alsobe interested in other community service-based scholarships. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Marian Anderson Speech Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marian Anderson Speech - Coursework Example One of them includes in 1939, when the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) refused to allow me to perform at Constitution Hall in Washington, D.C. (Brite, 2009) On August 28th, 1963, more than 250,000 people from across the United States gathered in Washington DC to join in peaceful protest against racial segregation and demanded equal rights legislation from Congress. (â€Å"We shall overcome†, n.d.) This can be considered as the most important events that occurred with the African-Americans on Easter weekend. I climbed the steps of the Lincoln Memorial to give a free concert. (Holland 2009, p.35) It was so effective, that four years later the DAR formally apologized and invited me to perform at Constitution Hall. (Holland 2009, p.35) I was on highs with the crowd who participated for the Civil Rights Movement. In the same event Martin Luther King Jr gave out the speech .It was evident that he wanted to make the crowd aware of their present scenarios and the inequalities that are prevailing all across the United Nations. His speech I have a Dream for jobs and freedom was one of the most powerful, influential and historically important speeches of its time. (Holland 2009, p.35) The way he started the speech was with eloquence and with the strategy of a politician. It was an electrifying speech. The people found it related to the experiences that they were going through. When the leader of the movement stands in support of their civil rights and motivate them towards the freedom, then we can see the revolution that takes place in an effective manner. He emphasized on the phrases in the beginning of the sentences like the â€Å"One hundred years later†, â€Å"Let freedom ring† and so forth. The repetition of â€Å"Let freedom ring† was first delivered by the black pastor Archibald Carey to the Republican National Convention in 1952.( Tuck 2010,p.318)The intention of using this phrase is to make the speech

Shopping trends and how we spend money assignment

Shopping trends and how we spend money - Assignment Example Rather than buy separate ingredients (as in the case of the macaroni salad) and put them together ourselves, we simply go to the store and pay one price for a pre-packaged macaroni salad that someone has already put together for us. The trouble comes in the fact that this person has not done so out of the goodness of their heart – they have been paid to do this, and the cost that we pay for the salad reflects that. Another reason that the price is higher is the packaging. While the material of the packaging itself is probably no different than that of other foods, the bottom line is competition in this instance. The store is competing with other brands and ingredients to have you buy their prepackaged items, regardless of price. Do they want you to buy them? Of course! Therefore they must spend time and money on attractive packaging to make the consumer that is tired and hungry walking through the store say, â€Å"Oh. I’ll just grab this and we’ll have it with dinner.† On the whole, it came as no surprise to me that the average cost per pound of packaged food was higher than that of fresh fruit or vegetables. When packaged goods are offered to consumers, the price must reflect handling, shipping, packaging, and work needed to put together the

International Banking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

International Banking - Essay Example Measuring bank liquidity risk incorporates the comparison of accumulated expected cash shortfalls for a given period of time with the stock available for funding the cash sources. In accounting, the stock or the asset available in an organization should always be sufficient to fund the financial sources. To measure this risk, the accountant is required to assign the anticipated cash flows to periods in the future that have financial products with unpredictable cash flow timings (Musakwa, 2013). It is important to note that there is no agreed criterion that can be used to assign the cash flows. In other words, there is no common consensus on how to carry out the procedures. The variations in measuring funding liquidity risk are normally caused by the considerations of solvency, immediacy, as well as the cost of obtaining liquidity. First, solvency can only be applied in firms that are solvent. It can be defined in terms of funding liquidity risk as the capability of a firm that is sol vent to make the payments agreed upon in a timely manner. It should be noted that not only solvent banks that are liquid (Musakwa, 2013). At times, even insolvent banks may be liquid and this makes it difficult to use solvent as the main base for measuring banks liquidity risk. Further, a solvent bank can at times be illiquid. Insolvent banks may for instance be liquid in the event of information asymmetry. Such a situation may arise where the bank is fully aware of its solvency status but the public has no clue regarding the same. The distinction between solvency and funding liquidity risk is easy especially in the events of crises capped with information asymmetry. But it should be noted that solvency is normally covered by capital while ion the other hand funding liquidity risk is covered by cash inflows (Ruozi & Ferrari, 2012). Cost of obtaining liquidity is also likely to cause variations in bank liquidity risk. In most cases, funding is obtained with the main objective of cove ring obligations (Matz & Neu, 2007). However, it has to be obtained at an additional cost. The additional cost happens to be the major concern of accountants. In fact, some definitions of funding liquidity risk are based on this cost. For instance, the term funding liquidity risk could be defined as â€Å"the risk that a financial firm, though solvent, either does not have enough financial resources to allow it to meet its obligations as they fall due or can obtain such funding only at excessive cost† (Musakwa, 2013). This definition describes the cost of liquidity in in subjective terms. The defect of the definition is that the costs differ from market to market as well as across various banks. Under this concept, the bank liquidity risk is measured basing in the additional cost for obtaining the funds (Davis, 2004). Finally, the immediacy is an important aspect of funding liquidity risk. It defines the speed with which a bank can be in apposition to meet its obligations. In measuring funding liquidity under this concept, the time frame within which the bank is likely to become unable to meet its obligations is estimated (Hlatshwayo, et al. 2013). As mentioned earlier, known regarding the distribution of run off profile in most financial products for banks. However, there is an increased need for establishing a reliable method of measuring bank liquidity risk so as to avoid bank crises. In essence, the measure of bank liquidity ri

There is a bleak relationship between liberalism and colonialism Essay

There is a bleak relationship between liberalism and colonialism - Essay Example Colonialism leads to atrocities where liberalism is absent. Elkins acknowledges that British colonialism in Kenya did not give natives right and access to amenities (Elkins 2011: 7374). The system of governance used constituted torture and violence to ensure that Kenyans obeyed the system. Additionally, the use of military agents to deal with Mau Mau insurgents used thepower that denied Kenya access to freedom. The military government received support from the high officials in the colonial government. The illegal use of force to rule Kenya confirms that liberalism cannot thrive where colonialism is practiced. Elkins reveals that the five complainants required hard evidence for them to win the case. One of the documents that were used includes Hanslope Disclosure, and it was used to document cases of violence and detention. The practice of colonialism during British Empire in Kenya led to deaths at least 1,000 Mau Mau suspects through hanging. Bringing colonial warlords to justice gr ants the former colonies a sense of self-actualization. However, the warlords out up a fight and destroy any evidence that can ascertain that they committed atrocities that disrespected human rights. One of the common processes that are used to seek reconciliation between colonialism and liberalism is restorative justice. Elkins argues that liberalism comes through the process of restorative justice (Elkins 2011: 736). Mau Mau suspects and sympathizers were detained amidst massive public support and protests.

Aviation Safety Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Aviation Safety Questions - Essay Example Of course the responsibility lies with the air carrier to safeguard their customers, their employees and provide them proper working environment in every possible way, but it is in their best interest as well so to say, as regards to business point of view, because statistics have shown that an aircraft accidents’ true cost in claims, lost employee time or use, and lost customers is 4 times the actual cost of the accident. For example, US Air estimates that the Pittsburgh accident’s actual cost was 30 to 40 Million dollars. This means that the accidents true cost is somewhere around 140 Million dollars. The FA act charges the FAA with the responsibility for promulgating and enforcing adequate standards and regulations (Alexander & Clarence, 2004). The main focal point of any Air Carrier Safety Program is the Safety Officer. Sometimes those that see the best are those that are not as close to the situation. To ensure safety, an outsider like safety officer is a very practical solution. FSDOs nationwide handle the dual function of safety inspection and advice for airline. Local FSDOs conducts several types of inspections on each airline’s maintenance and operations functions. If a certificate holder fails to comply, section 609 of the FA act specifies that the FAA may reexamine any certificate holder or appliance. Inspectors periodically conduct maintenance base inspections which focus on the record kept by an airline like airworthiness directives compliance, and conduct shop inspections to observe maintenance procedures and carry out ramp inspections to observe the airworthiness of the aircraft. A similar operations base inspection focuses on records concerning the hours of training and check rides given pilots and the rest periods between duty shifts given crews as required by regulations. En route inspections involve inspections of

Are either Machiavellis or Erasmus Styles of Leadership Relevant to Essay

Are either Machiavellis or Erasmus Styles of Leadership Relevant to Todays World of the Early 21st Century - Essay Example By contrast, a feared leader would have suitable reason and excuse for their actions, for instance killing people. On the contrary, Erasmus insists that a true prince should always think of his moral obligations to the people under his leadership. In supporting this viewpoint, Erasmus states that a good prince allows and does everything that would bring peace to his country in realizing that war would lead to misfortunes (Spielvogel 353). In my own opinion, I consider these opposing viewpoints as relevant to today’s world of the early 21st century. Machiavelli notes that the belief of honesty as the best policy remains as naive. Thus, the natural selfishness of people would be a more realistic starting point for politics. He maintains that a loved leader would persist in doing what should be done would not maintain his power but rather undermine it. Therefore, a leader must be prepared to act immorally when necessary in order to maintain his power. He goes on further to say th at, a new leader would always be forced to act treacherously, inhumanly, and ruthlessly and disregard the precepts of religion. In this regard, a new leader must be prepared to vary his conduct to suit changing circumstances and winds of fortune that would constrain his power. It would be worth to note that a leader should be capable of becoming immoral when necessary but should as well not deviate from the right conduct if possible, as remarked by Machiavelli (Donskis 74-89). Machiavelli’s theories make his politics modern as they incorporate aspects of interdependence, diversity, and political participation. He pictured the ways of world politics in which the most reliable and hard-hitting leaders would survive through warfare. He constantly opposed the monist tradition in Western rationalism, pluralism, and dualism. The shift from the individualism of liberalism to republicanism emphasized in the western political philosophies. The theory of republicanism recognizes the si gnificance of tolerance, private goals, as well as the instrumental value of society.        Ã‚  

Aviation Safety Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Aviation Safety Questions - Essay Example Of course the responsibility lies with the air carrier to safeguard their customers, their employees and provide them proper working environment in every possible way, but it is in their best interest as well so to say, as regards to business point of view, because statistics have shown that an aircraft accidents’ true cost in claims, lost employee time or use, and lost customers is 4 times the actual cost of the accident. For example, US Air estimates that the Pittsburgh accident’s actual cost was 30 to 40 Million dollars. This means that the accidents true cost is somewhere around 140 Million dollars. The FA act charges the FAA with the responsibility for promulgating and enforcing adequate standards and regulations (Alexander & Clarence, 2004). The main focal point of any Air Carrier Safety Program is the Safety Officer. Sometimes those that see the best are those that are not as close to the situation. To ensure safety, an outsider like safety officer is a very practical solution. FSDOs nationwide handle the dual function of safety inspection and advice for airline. Local FSDOs conducts several types of inspections on each airline’s maintenance and operations functions. If a certificate holder fails to comply, section 609 of the FA act specifies that the FAA may reexamine any certificate holder or appliance. Inspectors periodically conduct maintenance base inspections which focus on the record kept by an airline like airworthiness directives compliance, and conduct shop inspections to observe maintenance procedures and carry out ramp inspections to observe the airworthiness of the aircraft. A similar operations base inspection focuses on records concerning the hours of training and check rides given pilots and the rest periods between duty shifts given crews as required by regulations. En route inspections involve inspections of

School Papers Essay Example for Free

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Bbc health inequality

Bbc health inequality According to a recent report written by the BBC Health Inequality Gap ‘Widening gap (2005) it is apparent that there is a continual problem with inequalities of health. As illustrated by the report the government advisory group revealed latest figures demonstrate that the gap between the poorest and the population as a whole has increased. The Group chairman Professor Sir Michael Marmot revealed that he would still like the health standard to be as good in the worst off groups as it is in the best, adding that the health standard has improved more rapidly in the best off group than it has in the worst off. The aim of this paper is to explore this in more detail with regards to how inequalities of health are related to social class, gender and ethnicity. To represent the reality of inequality of health studies and statistics will be addressed.    An individuals social class status tends to be classified within the material, cultural and social capital of the individual. There has always been a relationship between social class and health. Despite the intervention of the NHS there are still disturbing figures based on the irregularity of health between social classes. For example infant mortality rate was nineteen percent higher in 2001-3 between the general population, compared to 13% higher in 1997-9. BBC (2005) although, one uses this statistic it is worth mentioning that the population increase could be a contributory factor. However it remains an alarming statistic. It is submitted that as a result of the lack of material gain of those of low social class status there is the likelihood of poverty, low educational attainment lack of resources in health and poor living conditions which relate to the inequality of health. Despite this as suggested by ‘Patient UK in the article Health and Social Class(2008) ‘the difference in health between social classes is not simply a matter of disposable income. However it is the general assumption that those who experience poverty in society are likely to be those from a low social class status. The Black Report (1980) and the Acheson Report (1998) titled Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health Report suggested that a reduction of the inequalities of income in societies may help eliminate some of the inequalities of health. Poverty remains a problem as it may result in the abuse of drugs alcohol which may contribute to social exclusion and mental health. Another argument of the link between inequality and social class comes from the distinction on cultural views. It is argued that lower social classes practice a less healthy lifestyle, do less exercise in contrast to their middle class counter parts.(Batty GD 2006) Moreover they are likely to drink and smoke more. This was evidenced by the Royal College of Physicians report onSmoking and Health(2008)where it revealed a huge distinction of those in lower social classes being more prone to smoking and drinking. Earlier on reference was made between the link of inequality and social capital. This relates to the level of connection people have within their community through social organisations, clubs, family and work. It has been revealed that the social capital can have an impact on health an example of this is illustrated by self report studies which show those isolated in communities acquired poorer health than those employed. Julian Tudor Hart(1971) made an interesting analysis on the failure of the NHS to provide a uniform standard of care. What she referred to as ‘The Inverse Care Law. She emphasised that the â€Å"availability of good medical care tends to vary inversely with the need of the population served She elaborated her point revealing that   hospitals in poorer areas tend to have more ‘obsolete buildings and suffer recurrent crises in the availability of beds and replacement staff. There are apparent differences in the inequality of health and gender. Variations include the life expectancy and mortality, morbidity, health related behaviour and the socio-economic status. Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health Report (1998). One of the arguments raised as to the inequality of gender in health concerns the mortality and life expectancy. There is strong evidence which suggests that mortality rates are higher for men than women for all the major causes of death including cancer. Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health Report (1998) highlighted the variation of cancer for women and men. Whereas breast cancer was the main cause of death and lung cancer was second common, men mean lung cancer was the most common and prostrate cancer second common. The inquiry also revealed that life expectancy is five years longer in women than men. With regards to morbidity osteoporosis is more prevalent in women. For example the life time risk of fracture of the hip in women is 14% more compared to 3% for men. (Acheson 1998) There are also variations in health related behaviour which undoubtedly contribute to the inequality of health in gender. As illustrated by the Acheson Report (1998)almost 7% of men drink alcohol heavily 50 units per week in contrast to 2% of women who drink 35 units per week. Women are more likely to eat consume healthier food than men.( Acheson   1998). However mens physical activity is greater to that womens which is due to mens higher levels of occupational activity. The variation in women socioeconomic status also relate to the inequality of health in gender. Although women have increased in participation of paid employment they are more vulnerable to poverty as a result of their different occupational and domestic positions. It has been estimated that almost 66% of adults in the poorest households are women and 60% are dependant on income support. Moreover social isolation is more likely in women than in men most evident in the fact that older women are more likely to be widowed. In addition to arguments that illustrate how gender inequalities link to health it is also worth demonstrating how cultural expectations of men and women impact on health. It has been submitted that ‘frustration hopelessness and low self -esteem associated with unemployment are likely to be felt amongst men and if their female partner may also be out of work. This is relevant to the health as it may have a negative impact on health.   The Fourth National Survey of Ethnic Minorities (1993-94)(FNSEH) gave an insight into the relationship between ethnicity and health. In reaching their findings the socioeconomic status was taken into account. This was measured by material deprivation in relation to housing problems, and ownership of cars as well as consumer durables was considered. It demonstrated that socioeconomic inequalities contribute to the inequalities in health within ethnic groups, and may also contribute to the inequalities in health between ethnic groups. Although the FNSEH (1993-94) measured socioeconomic factors to reach its findings it could also have considered other factors such as cultural issues and educational attainment in order to get a wholesome insight into the link between ethnicity and health. Furthermore the findings of the FNSEH (1993-94) was established a while ago indeed circumstances may have changed on the impact of health and ethnicity. The impact of the recession may be looked into as it is possible that the ethnic minorities may suffer the consequences of the economic downturn more. Ethnic migrants have increased due to expanding membership of the EU so it would be interesting include their relationships and links with health. It has been suggested by the Acheson Report (1998) that the diversity of experience of health between different ethnic groups may reflect in the different causes of poor health. This includes differences between ethnic groups on the susceptibility of getting poor health and differential access to factors which ameliorate cause or susceptibility, such as, preventive health care services. Poverty seems to be a contributory factor in the relation between ethnicity and health. It has been suggested that those from minority ethnic groups have higher than average rates of unemployment. (Maguire 1980)[13]. Furthermore there is a clear association between material disadvantage and poor health. This is most evident in the fact that according to studies of (Acheson D 1998) very high proportions of people from some minority ethnic groups are living on low levels of income, and are dependent on state benefits. The impact of housing safety and surrounding environment are factors which contribute to the relationship of ethnicity and health. Although owner occupation is quite high in some minority ethnic groups, housing quality is often poor. (Acheson D 1998) Overcrowding has been found to be more common in some minority ethnic groups. With regards to safety the FNSEH (1993-94) found that more than one in eight people from minority ethnic groups had experienced some form of racial harassment in the past year with 25%   of all respondents fearful of racial harassment. The British Crime Surveys have shown that South Asians and African Caribbeans are at greater risk of being victims of crime than whites. Such issues encountered by ethnic groups   is likely to contribute to health negatively in particularly   mental health. The impact of socioeconomic inequalities can be reduced however in saying this it may possibly marginalise ethnic groups implying that their problems are different to th ose of the majority. Despite this there is the risk of further inequality. It is important to assess the evidence one has raised on this paper. With regards to the reports cited (The Black Report, The Acheson Report)   it may be argued that the research sample used are not enough and so the findings may not be representative of the time. In addition to this the reports were conducted some over10 years ago and others 20 years ago and so inevitably circumstances may have changed.   Therefore the findings may not be as applicable now. Despite this the main trends still exist. Health inequalities are not reducing in the UK and the most socially and economically deprived areas continue to have those who suffer the worst health. There has always between a relationship between health and social class despite the intervention of the welfare state and the NHS. It appears that the economic, environment and cultural issues impact negatively on those with lower social class status in contrast to those in higher social class status. One is also sympathetic to the arguments laid out by Julian Hart on the ‘inverse care law which highlight the failure of the NHS to offer uniform care. This undoubtedly may also impact on the link between health and social class. Arguments also suggest a link between gender and health. Research conducted by the DoH found that with regards to morbidity osteoporosis is more prevalent in women. In addition to this the variations in health related behaviour, which undoubtedly contribute to the inequality of health in gender Disturbing illustrations of this include higher mortality rates this should not be allowed to persist. As well as this the fact that women tend to be socioeconomically worse off is a negative factor. However cultural expectations of men and health related behaviour also lend a hand in finding the link of gender and health. As research and various statistics will highlight , there are indeed links to ethnicity and health. Most prevalent is the economic and environmental factors which highlight differences in health between the ethnic groups and the majority groups.

Discovery :: essays research papers

â€Å"If Christopher Columbus Returned to the ‘New World’ in the year 2000, what evidence of his discovery would he find?†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Christopher Columbus set sail August 3, 1492 in search for a new route to the West Indies. Sailing west from the Canaries, his ship was tossed around by trade winds, which ultimately guided his fleet off course. Due to his new route, Columbus came across land, which we know today as America. When Columbus arrived to the New World, he thought he had reached his required destination, the West Indies. Before setting sail to Spain, Columbus decided to leave 44 crewmembers in the new found land to start their own colony, which was successful.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If Columbus was to return to the â€Å"New World† in the year 2000, I think he would be very surprised with our success. There are many pieces of evidence that express our thankfulness for his discovery. The name Columbus lives on in rivers, nations, and cities. One large piece of evidence is Columbus Day. On this day, we show our appreciation to Columbus for all his discoveries, how thankful we are for his discovery of the ‘New World’. This day is considered a national holiday in the United States, many major companies, factories, and schools are closed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another major event that occurs in Columbus’ remembrance is the Columbus Day Parade. This is a parade that is held on Columbus Day in many different cities in honor of Christopher Columbus. Through this celebration we express how thankful we actually are. We show that he has a meaning in history, he is the explorer who was courageous, who was willing to risk his own life for his discovery, and when he could have turned back he didn’t, and it is his name we honor.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Besides holidays and parades, there are also landmarks that are named after Columbus. Like Columbus, Ohio, or Columbus, Georgia. These are just two of many landmarks named after him. Not only are there landmarks, there are also rivers named after him, such as the Columbus River, which people today know as the Scioto River. This river runs directly through the city of Columbus, and extends through Ohio into Kentucky and Indiana, then it eventually connects with the Ohio River. Many states have statues of Christopher Columbus centered within their cities. Americans look to Columbus as an explorer and a hero. He was the man who had enough courage to put his life, and the lives of others, in jeopardy.